The electrooptic tensor for gaas has nonzero components r41 r52 r63 in the crystal coordinate system. Distance meters featuring visible light or near infrared nir radiation as carrier waves are called electrooptical edm instruments. It uses the machzehnder interferometer principle in waveguides, enabling you to transmit signals with particularly high modulation frequencies up to the gigahertz range. Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides 57, light emitters 8, amplifiers 911 and lasers 12, approach this goal, but a small silicon electro optic modulator with a size small enough for chip scale integration has not yet been demonstrated. For amplitude modulation, the transmission is given by.
Higher switching speed up to 4050 gbs is also demonstrated in devices with shorter phase shifters which require higher drive voltages but have lower insertion losses. A bulk electrooptic amplitude modulator consists of a voltagetunable wave plate followed by a polarizer. Claddings based on a polymer matrix containing chromophores have been. Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides5,6,7, light emitters8, amplifiers9,10,11 and lasers12, approach this goal, but a small silicon electrooptic modulator with a size small. Electrooptic modulators operation of electrooptic modulators is based on the principle of induced birefringence. Pockels cell is such device which can produce controllable birefringence by applying voltage to the cell. This work presents the first successful implementation of a silicon eo modulator with 40 gbits modulation speed. Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides5,6,7, light emitters8, amplifiers9,10,11 and lasers12, approach this goal, but a small silicon electro optic modulator with a size small. Here we experimentally demonstrate a highspeed electro optical modulator in compact.
Siliconorganic hybrid electrooptic modulator a schematic and a crosssectional view of an soh mzm is displayed in fig. We offer modulators for wavelengths in the vis and ir spectral range for this purpose. Highspeed lowvoltage singledrive pushpull silicon mach. An electrooptic modulator eom or electrooptic modulator is a device which can be used for controlling the power intensity modulators, phase phase modulators or polarization of light with an electrical control signal.
Maldonado department of electrical engineering the uni y ersity of texas at arlington arlington, texas 1 3. It typically contains one or two pockels cells, and possibly additional optical elements such as polarizers. Silicon which has been widely used in electronic industry has been considered as a promising material for electro optic modulators, due to its mature manufacturing technology and low cost. Theory of electrooptic modulation via a quantum dot coupled to a. Silicon waveguides can be functionalized with an organic chi2nonlinear cladding. The silicon aom is a photonic resonator based modulator similar to electrooptic modulators that have been demonstrated 9. Electrooptic modulation plays a critical role in implementing space, power and spectrally efficient optical interconnection for highcapacity computing systems.
Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides, light emitters, amplifiers and lasers approach this goal, but a small silicon electrooptic modulator with a size small enough for chipscale integration has not yet been demonstrated. Silicon electrooptic modulator st andrews research. All electrooptic modulators listed in this data sheet are of the transverse field type, that is, the electric field produced by the applied signal voltage is perpendicular to the optical propagation direction. In this study, an analytical model for calculating the nonlinear harmonicintermodulation distortion for rf signals in siliconbased electrooptic modulators is investigated by considering the nonlinearity on the effective index change curve with the operation point and the device structure simultaneously. We propose a siliconcompatible plasmonic electrooptic modulator employing a silicon racetrack ring resonator coupled to a bus waveguide. Optoacoustic oscillator using silicon mems optical modulator suresh sridaran and sunil a. Design of a siliconplasmonic hybrid electrooptic modulator. The jenoptik integrated optical amplitude modulator is a fibercoupled electrooptical light modulator. It combines silicon waveguides with a highly nonlinear electrooptic eo organic material 49.
We describe and demonstrate the use of a feedback control system to thermally stabilize a silicon microring modulator subjected to a thermally volatile environment. In electrooptic modulators, the effective index is changed by charge injection to obtain a resonance wavelength shift. Effective electrooptical modulation with high extinction. Osa 50gbs silicon optical modulator with traveling. Design of an electrooptic modulator based on a silicon.
Amplitude modulators basically consist of an electrooptic modulator followed by a polarizer. An electrooptic modulator eom is an optical device in which a signalcontrolled element exhibiting an electrooptic effect is used to modulate a beam of light. Integrated silicon electro optical modulators for datatelecom. We demonstrate silicon machzehnder interferometer mzi optical modulator with 50. This video demonstrates how to transfer data between lumericals electrical and optical solvers. Galan, high linear ringassisted mzi electro optic silicon modulators suitable for radio overfiber applications, in international conference on group iv photonics gfp. Characterization of silicon electrooptical modulator for. Electro optic modulator an electrooptic modulator is a device which can be used for controlling the power, phase or polarization of a laser beam with an electrical control signal. The phase shifter is composed by a 4 mmlong reversebiased pn junction with a modulation efficiency v. The basic question concerning an electrooptic modulator is the voltage required to produce a given change in transmittance. The cell contains uniaxial crystal, which becomes biaxial when electric field is applied. Analytical model for calculating the nonlinear distortion. Siliconorganic hybrid soh electrooptic modulators for high. Microring resonators exhibit a great potential to achieve compact, low powerconsumption and highspeed modulators.
Nanoscale graphene electrooptic modulators zhaolin lu and wangshi zhao. It typically contains one or two pockels cells, and possibly additional optical elements such. Electrooptic modulator types phase modulators the simplest type of electrooptic modulator is a phase modulator containing only a pockels cell, where an electric field changes the phase delay of a laser beam sent through the crystal. Uri cummings, linearized and high frequency electrooptic modulators.
We demonstrate a singledrive pushpull silicon machzehnder modulator mzm with a. Our demonstration shows that a highperformance silicon microringbased device, normally. It is a flexible platform for tailoring modal dispersion, confinement. Linearized electrooptic racetrack modulator based on. Linbo3 was interesting almost solely because of the fact that it possesses a large electrooptic coefficient3, enabling optical modulation via the pockels effect. We also measured the spurfree dynamic range sfdr of the modulator using twotone method, showing maximum sfdr of 40 dbc and 46 dbc respectively for second harmonic distortion and thirdorder. The jenoptik integrated optical phase modulator is a fibercoupled electrooptical light modulator. A siliconplasmonic hybrid phase shifter clad with electrooptic polymer is introduced to achieve highspeed performance and low energy consumption. Modulation bandwidths extending into the gigahertz range are possible with the use of lasercontrolled modulators. These carrier waves follow the laws of geometrical optics. Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides 57, light emitters 8, amplifiers 911 and lasers 12, approach this goal, but a small silicon electrooptic modulator with a size small enough for chipscale integration has not yet been demonstrated. Optical modulators using semiconductor nanostructures. In this paper, we analyze the performance of an electrooptic modulator based on a single quantum dot strongly coupled to a nanoresonator, where electrical control of the quantum dot frequency is achieved.
Here we experimentally demonstrate a highspeed electrooptical modulator in compact silicon structures. We characterize the optical responses upon various dc and rf voltage supplies. Low power and fast electrooptic silicon modulator with lateral pin. Electrooptical modulation at 1550 nm in an asdeposited. Micrometrescale silicon electrooptic modulator rice ece. This technology allows to choose among a variety of materials with significantly larger. Recent demonstrations of silicon lowloss waveguides 5,6,7, light emitters 8, amplifiers 9,10,11 and lasers 12, approach this goal, but a small silicon electrooptic modulator with a size small. As data travels around the internet, its routinely switched from electrical signals to light in order to travel through the networks fiber optic. Siliconorganic hybrid, silicononinsulator, photonic integrated circuit, modulator, organic crystal, electrooptic. Optical mode calculations revealed that the mode was primarily confined within the slots when. Femtojoule electrooptic modulation using a silicon. Furthermore, we establish power monitoring as an effective and appropriate mechanism to infer the temperature drift of a microring modulator. Metal interconnections are expected to become the limiting factor for the performance of electronic systems as transistors. Silicon electrooptic modulators using pin diodes embedded.
An electrooptic modulator is a device which can be used for controlling the power, phase or polarization of a laser beam with an electrical control signal. It typically contains one or two pockels cells, and possibly additional optical elements such as. Modeling of the nonlinear distortion in an electrooptic siliconbased machzehnder modulator modeling of the nonlinear distortion in an electrooptic siliconbased machzehnder modulator an analytical model for calculating the nonlinear rf distortion products in siliconbased electrooptic machzehnder modulators is reported and experimentally. Strained silicon, pockels effect, plasma carrier effect, integrated optical devices, electrooptic modulators. Modeling of the nonlinear distortion in an electrooptic.
Wide temperature range operation of micrometerscale silicon. The focus is on how to use some of the new features introduced in the 20b and 20c releases. Here we experimentally demonstrate a highspeed electrooptical modulator in compact. The linear electrooptic effect or pockels effect, that is the change of the refractive index in response to an applied electric field, is absent in silicon. Electrooptical modulator using sio2 waveguides with. Electrooptic organic crystal silicon highspeed modulator. Theory of electrooptic modulation via a quantum dot. Silicon microringbased signal modulation for chipscale. Photonic crystal fiber pcf is wellsuited for sensing applications. Electro optical modulator system configuration options. Acknowledgements this work has been partially carried.
Given that the energy and the dosage in the ion implantation process both for p doping bo ron and ndoping phosphorus is set by the fabrication process, we. The device consists of two 1 mmlong soh phase modulators that are driven in pushpull configuration by a single coplanar. Silicon microring based modulator and filter for high. Modulators exploiting this effect are popular because they allow for reliable phase and. Rp photonics encyclopedia electrooptic modulators, eom. Osa thermal stabilization of a microring modulator using. Silicon which has been widely used in electronic industry has been considered as a promising material for electrooptic modulators, due to its mature manufacturing technology and low cost. In an aom, the radial vibrations change the radius by a small displacement r. This complements silicon photonics with the electrooptic eo effect originating from the cladding and enables functionalities such as pure phase modulation, parametric amplification, or thzwave generation.
High frequency electrooptic measurement of strained. Lipson, micrometerscale silicon electrooptic modulator. In this work, a silicon electrooptic modulator based on. Micrometerscale alloptical wavelength converter on silicon. Oeo uses an rf filter and an electrooptic modulator for filtering the rf signal and upconverting it to optical. The modulation may be imposed on the phase, frequency, amplitude, or polarization of the beam. The onchip insertion loss is 9 db due to the use of a 6 mmlong phase shifter.
Since this is the traditional means of implementing an optical modulator in a waveguidebased device, modulation of the refractive. Kartner, highspeed silicon electrooptic modulator design, ieee. Lipson, micrometrescale silicon electrooptic modulator, nature. Bhave oxidemems lab, cornell university, ithaca, ny, usa. One of the most important devices in optoelectronic integrated circuits is the electrooptic eo modulator 7,8, which converts electronic signals into high bitrate photonic data. Simulations show that the proposed modulator can achieve an extinction ratio of. Extensive studies of lithium niobate electrooptic modulator and polymer electrooptic modulator have been made because. Micrometrescale silicon electrooptic modulator nature. An electrooptic eo modulator using a tio2 slot hybrid waveguide has been designed and fabricated. Design of a siliconplasmonic hybrid electrooptic modulator mu xu, jiayang wu, zhiming zhuang, fei li, tao wang, linjie zhou, and yikai su state key lab of advanced optical communication systems and networks, department of electronic engineering. Nasa technical note electrooptic and magnetooptic modulators by e. This electrooptical modulator is smaller than a lightwave. With jenoptik integrated optical phase modulators, you can influence the phase of light in particularly high modulation frequencies up to the gigahertz range.